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Census records in Spain are a valuable resource for genealogical research, providing insights into family histories dating back to the 16th century. Early population records, such as church parish registers and local censuses (padróns), were conducted by municipalities.

The first national census, known as the Catastro de Ensenada, was carried out in 1749, followed by the Censo de Floridablanca in 1787. Modern censuses began in 1857 and have been conducted every ten years. These records document names, ages, birthplaces, occupations, and household structures, making them essential for tracing Spanish ancestry and understanding historical demographic changes.



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