Irish emigration, the movement of people from various parts of the world to settle in Ireland, has played a significant role in shaping the country's history, culture, and society. While Ireland is often associated with emigration due to its history of people leaving the country, in recent years, it has also become a destination for immigrants seeking new opportunities. According to the Central Statistics Office of Ireland (CSO), in the 12 months to the end of April 2022 there were 120,700 immigrants, a 15-year high. Of those immigrants, 28,900 were returning Irish nationals, 24,300 were other EU nationals, and 4,500 were UK nationals. The remaining 63,000 immigrants were other nationals including almost 28,000 Ukrainians in the 12-month period.[1]
Research your ancestors on MyHeritage
Historical AspectsHistorical Aspects
Emigration to Ireland has been a defining feature of the country's history, shaped by various socio-economic, political, and cultural factors. While Ireland is often associated with emigration, especially during the Great Famine, it has also been a destination for immigrants from different parts of the world. The history of emigration to Ireland is marked by distinct phases that have contributed to the country's demographic and cultural landscape.
Early Settlements and Viking InfluxEarly Settlements and Viking Influx
Ireland's history of emigration dates to ancient times when the island saw waves of migration and settlement. The Vikings were among the earliest known migrants to Ireland, arriving in the 8th century and establishing settlements along the coast. These early migrations played a role in shaping Irish society and culture.
Norman and English InfluenceNorman and English Influence
The Norman invasion in the 12th century brought further migration to Ireland, as Normans established control over parts of the country. Over time, English influence and colonization led to increased migration of English and Scottish settlers to Ireland, particularly in the northern province of Ulster.
Plantations and Religious MigrationPlantations and Religious Migration
The 17th century witnessed significant migration to Ireland through the English Plantations, which aimed to establish Protestant settlements in predominantly Catholic regions. This period saw the migration of English, Scottish, and Welsh settlers, shaping the demographic composition and religious landscape of Ireland.
Great Famine and Irish EmigrationGreat Famine and Irish Emigration
One of the most pivotal moments in Irish history was the Great Famine (1845-1852), during which a devastating potato blight led to widespread starvation and death. The resulting mass emigration, primarily to North America, Canada, and Australia, marked a traumatic period in Irish history and significantly reduced the country's population.
Economic Migration and Recent TrendsEconomic Migration and Recent Trends
In more recent times, Ireland has transitioned from being primarily an emigration country to becoming a destination for immigrants. The late 20th and early 21st centuries witnessed an influx of immigrants seeking economic opportunities, particularly from Eastern European countries following the European Union's expansion. This shift in migration patterns has contributed to Ireland's multicultural and diverse society.
Refugees and Asylum SeekersRefugees and Asylum Seekers
Ireland has also welcomed refugees and asylum seekers, showing its commitment to international humanitarian efforts. People from conflict-ridden regions have sought refuge in Ireland, further enriching the nation's cultural fabric.
ProceduresProcedures
The procedures for emigrating to Ireland have evolved over time and vary depending on the individual's circumstances and reasons for moving. In recent years, Ireland has experienced an increase in immigrants from various countries, including Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia, seeking employment, education, and asylum.
For non-European Union (EU) citizens, obtaining a visa or residency permit is often a necessary step. The process may involve applying for specific visa categories, such as work visas, study visas, or family reunification visas. Asylum seekers undergo a separate process to seek protection and residency in Ireland.
Ireland's population has become increasingly diverse due to immigration. According to recent census data, the foreign-born population in Ireland has grown significantly in the 21st century. The influx of immigrants has contributed to cultural diversity, adding to the country's social fabric.
It's important to note that while Ireland historically experienced emigration, it has also become a desirable destination for immigrants. The Celtic Tiger economic boom of the late 20th century and improvements in the country's infrastructure and education system have attracted people from around the world.
See alsoSee also
Explore more about Irish emigrationExplore more about Irish emigration
- the Ireland - Collection Catalog at MyHeritage contains 110 collections with 14,092,015 records
- Exploring Irish Genealogy in the Aftermath of the Great Potato Famine on the MyHeritage blog
- Irish Emigration to North America: Before, during and after Famine webinar at Legacy Family Tree Webinars
- Irish Emigration Database. Dunbrody Famine Ship
- Irish Emigration to America. National Museum of Ireland
- Irish Emigration History. University College Cork
- Irish Emigration. Mayo County Library
- Irish ethnicity map at MyHeritage