Researching in the United States archives can be an enriching and enlightening experience, whether you're delving into family history, exploring historical events, or seeking information for academic purposes. The vast array of documents, photographs, records, and other archival materials available across various institutions provides a treasure trove of information. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to effectively research in United States archives.
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Understanding the archival system
The United States has a decentralized archival system, meaning records are held in various institutions, including the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), state archives, local historical societies, university libraries, and specialized repositories. Each institution has its own collection scope, policies, and procedures.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
NARA is the primary repository for federal records, including documents from Congress, the White House, federal agencies, military records, and immigration records. It also houses the presidential libraries.[1]
State and Local Archives
Every state has its own archival system, holding state and local government records, including vital records (birth, marriage, death), land records, and other documents pertinent to the state's history.
University and special collections
Many universities maintain archives with unique collections, such as personal papers of notable individuals, historical photographs, and rare books. Specialized archives focus on specific topics like African American history, women’s history, or labor movements.
Preparing for your research
Define your research goals
Before diving into archival research, clearly define what you are looking for. Are you tracing family genealogy, researching a historical event, or seeking records for academic work? Knowing your objectives will help you determine which archives to visit and what specific records to look for.
Conduct preliminary research
Gather as much background information as possible from secondary sources. Books, academic journals, and online resources can provide context and help you identify key dates, places, and individuals related to your research.
Identify relevant archives
Based on your research goals, identify which archives are most likely to hold the records you need. NARA’s online catalog, state archives websites, and university library catalogs are excellent starting points.
Accessing archival materials
Online resources
Many archives have digitized portions of their collections, making them accessible online. NARA’s catalog, the Digital Public Library of America (DPLA), and state archives’ digital collections are invaluable resources. Websites like MyHeritage.com also offer digitized records, particularly useful for genealogical research.
Visiting archives in person
For records not available online, you’ll need to visit the archives in person. Contact the archives ahead of time to verify their hours, access policies, and any requirements for visiting researchers. Some archives require appointments or have specific procedures for accessing certain collections.
Requesting records
If you’re unable to visit in person, many archives offer reference services, allowing you to request copies of records. This process typically involves submitting a request form detailing the specific records you’re seeking. Be prepared for potential fees associated with copying and mailing documents.
Conducting research at the archives
Understand the rules
Every archive has rules to protect their collections. Common rules include no food or drink, using pencils instead of pens, and handling documents with gloves. Photography policies vary, so check if you’re allowed to take pictures or if you need to request copies.
Organize your research
Keep detailed notes of what you find, including reference numbers, box numbers, and descriptions of the documents. This organization will be invaluable if you need to return to the archive or reference the material in your work.
Seek assistance
Archivists are an invaluable resource. They have deep knowledge of their collections and can help guide you to relevant materials. Don’t hesitate to ask for their assistance in navigating finding aids, understanding collection organization, or interpreting difficult-to-read documents.
Utilizing archival findings
Analyzing documents
Carefully analyze the documents you find. Look for key details, cross-reference information, and consider the context in which the document was created. This critical analysis will help you accurately interpret and utilize the information in your research.
Citing archival sources
Properly cite any archival materials you use in your research. This typically includes the archive’s name, collection title, box and folder number, and any specific document identifiers. Accurate citations ensure your work can be verified and that you give proper credit to the archive.
Sharing your research
Whether you’re writing a paper, creating a presentation, or compiling a family history, sharing your findings contributes to the broader body of knowledge and can be valuable to others interested in similar topics.
Researching in United States archives is a rewarding endeavor that can uncover valuable insights and information. By understanding the archival system, preparing thoroughly, accessing and organizing materials effectively, and utilizing your findings responsibly, you can navigate the rich landscape of archival research with confidence and success. Whether you’re uncovering personal histories or contributing to academic scholarship, the treasures within the archives await your discovery.
Explore more about the U.S. State Archives
- Navigating the NARA Website webinar at Legacy Family Tree Webinars
- Locating National Archives Resources with NARA’s Digitization Partners webinar at Legacy Family Tree Webinars
- Finding What You Need at the National Archives, Part I: Navigating the NARA Website webinar at Legacy Family Tree Webinars
- Finding What You Need at the National Archives, Part II: Using NARA Finding Aids webinar at Legacy Family Tree Webinars
- U.S. National Archives
References
- ↑ Mengel, David (May 2007). Access to United States Government Records at the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Society of American Archivists