The Isle of Wight is a island off the south coast of England, often referred to as "The Island" by its residents. It's known for its diverse landscapes, ranging from rolling hills and lush countryside to stunning coastal cliffs and sandy beaches. The island has a mild climate, making it a popular destination for outdoor activities and relaxation.[1]
The population of Isle of Wight is 140,794 according to mid-2022 population figures published by the ONS. Isle of Wight's population growth rate between mid-2021 and mid-2022 was -0.1% per year. Isle of Wight covers an area of 380 square kilometres (147 square miles) and has a population density of 371 people per square kilometre (km2), based on the latest population estimates taken in mid-2022.[2]
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Isle of Wight: landscape, industry, agriculture, and attractions
The Isle of Wight is renowned for its diverse and stunning landscapes, often described as "England in miniature." The south coast is characterized by dramatic chalk cliffs, including the iconic Needles, and picturesque coves like Alum Bay, known for its colorful sands. The north coast has a landscape with low-lying cliffs, salt marshes, and mudflats, providing a haven for wildlife.[3]
Fishing has been a traditional occupation on the island, but its scale has reduced over the years. The island once had a thriving shipbuilding industry, particularly in Cowes, which built yachts and other vessels. However, this industry has declined significantly. The island's stunning coastline, historic sites, and natural beauty have made it a popular tourist destination. Tourism is now the backbone of the island's economy, generating income from accommodation, food and beverage services, retail, and leisure activities.[4]
The importance of agriculture, both in the past and as a current influence on landscape character, historic and natural environments should not be understated. 12017 hectares (63%) of the land area of Isle of Wight NL is farmed and the future of its landscapes is linked to the sustainability of farming.[5]
The Isle of Wight is a major tourist destination. The following are the major attractions. The Needles highlights the famous multi-coloured sand cliffs of Alum Bay. The Isle of Wight Steam Railway is a, three-mile journey through a beautiful wooded countryside between Smallbrook Junction (near Ryde) and Wootton, via Havenstreet. the Brading Roman Villa is one of the finest Roman history sites in Europe. Blackgang Chine is a 175 year old theme park. Osborne house is now looked after by English Heritage, and is the royal palace at East Cowes which was Queen Victoria and Prince Albert’s summer retreat.
Isle of Wight history
The Isle of Wight has a rich history dating back to prehistoric times. Evidence of human habitation, including tools and artifacts, has been found from the Mesolithic period onwards. The island's unique geography, with its sheltered coves and fertile valleys, made it an attractive place for early settlers.[4]
The Romans conquered the Isle of Wight in the 1st century AD. While they did not establish significant towns or fortifications, the island became an agricultural center. Roman villas, with their intricate mosaic floors and underfloor heating, have been discovered, providing insights into the lives of the Roman inhabitants.[6] After the Roman withdrawal, the Anglo-Saxons arrived on the island. They established small kingdoms and settlements, leaving behind traces in place names and archaeological finds. The island's strategic location made it a target for Viking raids in the 9th and 10th centuries.[7]
The 16th century saw the island's fortunes intertwined with the Tudor dynasty. Henry VIII, in particular, recognized the island's strategic importance and invested in its defenses. The construction of coastal fortifications, such as Yarmouth Castle, was a response to the threat of invasion from France and Spain.[8]
The 17th century was a period of relative peace and prosperity for the Isle of Wight. The island's agricultural economy continued to thrive, and its coastal towns became popular destinations for wealthy visitors. However, the English Civil War brought conflict to the island, with Royalist and Parliamentarian forces clashing.[9]
The 18th century marked a significant turning point in the island's history. The development of seaborne tourism and the growth of coastal resorts, such as Cowes and Ryde, transformed the island's economy.[10] The Georgian era brought elegant architecture and a refined social scene to the island. The Georgian era spans the years from 1714 to 1837, covering the reigns of George I, II, III and IV, as well as that of William IV.[11]
The 19th century was a transformative period for the Isle of Wight, marked by significant changes in its landscape, economy, and social fabric. The most significant event shaping the island's destiny was the patronage of Queen Victoria. She and Prince Albert fell in love with the island's beauty and built Osborne House as their summer retreat.[12] The royal connection sparked a tourism boom. Wealthy Victorians flocked to the island, drawn by its picturesque scenery, fresh air, and the chance to rub shoulders with royalty.[13]
The 20th century was a period of significant change for the Isle of Wight, shaped by global events, technological advancements, and shifting social attitudes. During World War I, the island played a crucial role in the war effort, with military installations and airfields established across the island. Coastal defenses were strengthened to protect against potential invasion.[14] The island was again a strategic location, with airfields, radar stations, and anti-aircraft batteries.The island experienced heavy bombing raids, particularly in coastal towns like Cowes and Ryde. The post-war period saw a decline in traditional industries like agriculture and shipbuilding. Tourism continued to be a vital part of the island's economy, although its focus shifted from the Victorian era's elite to a broader market.
Isle of Wight parishes and unparished areas
Isle of Wight geography
Isle of Wight, island, unitary authority, and geographic county, part of the historic county of Hampshire. It lies off the south coast of England, in the English Channel. The island is separated from the mainland by a deep strait known as The Solent. The Isle of Wight is diamond-shaped and extends 22.5 miles (36 km) from east to west and 13.5 miles (22 km) from north to south. The administrative centre of the unitary authority is Newport.[17]
Researching family history in the Isle of Wight
The aim of the Isle of Wight Family History Society is to help members to undertake their own research. The Isle of Wight Family History Society has a Birth/Marriage/Death index for the years 1837-2010. The Isle of Wight Council has a Family History Collection that includes the General Register Office (GRO) Index. The Family History Directory has a useful list of resources on its Isle of Wight Family History web page.
Ethnicities in the Isle of Wight
The demographic distribution of the Isle of Wight population is as follows:[18]
According to the latest 2021 census, the population in Isle of Wight is predominantly white (97.0%), with non-white minorities representing the remaining 3.0% of the population. Mixed people were the largest minority group in Isle of Wight accounting for 1.2% of the population. 478 or 0% of the Isle of Wight population are black according to the latest 2021 census. In England more broadly the portion of the population that is white is 81%. 10% are Asian and 4% are Black.
Population by race in Isle of Wight, 2021 census
- White - 136,219 people or 97.0%
- Mixed - 1,720 people or 1.2%
- Asian - 1,663 people or 1.2%
- Black - 478 people or 0.3%
- Other - 379 people or 0.3%
Surnames in Isle of Wight
Explore more about English Counties
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See also
- Administrative structure of England
- English genealogy
- English immigration
- English emigration
- English archives
- England historical records
- Vital records in England
- Birth records in England
- Death records in England
- Marriage records in England
- Census records in England
- Civil registrations in England
- Church records in England
- Newspaper records in England
- English military records
References
- ↑ Visit Isle of Wight: Official travel guide to the Isle of Wight, UK
- ↑ Isle of Wight Demographics | Age, Ethnicity, Religion, Wellbeing
- ↑ Isle of Wight National Landscape
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Isle of Wight | English Coastal Destination & Unitary Authority | Britannica
- ↑ Farming – Isle of Wight National Landscape
- ↑ Isle of Wight (Vectis Insvla)
- ↑ Kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxons - Wight (Isle of Wight)
- ↑ History of the Isle of Wight
- ↑ The English Civil Wars: Origins, Events and Legacy
- ↑ The Isle of Wight, Ocean Racing, Maritime History and World Seaports during the 1800s. The Maritime Heritage Project. Sea Captains, Ships, Merchants, Merchandise.
- ↑ Georgian England
- ↑ Osborne House
- ↑ Queen Victoria and Osborne
- ↑ Isle of Wight County in World Wars I and II
- ↑ Civil Parishes/Communities - United Kingdom
- ↑ The Housing (Right to Acquire or Enfranchise) (Designated Rural Areas in the South East) Order 1997
- ↑ Isle of Wight | English Coastal Destination & Unitary Authority | Britannica
- ↑ Ethnicity in Isle of Wight
- ↑ Most Common Last Names In Isle of Wight