Trusted information source for millions of people worldwide
Kathleen Hughes
Historical records and family trees related to Kathleen Hughes.
Records may include photos, original documents, family history, relatives, specific dates, locations and full names.
- MyHeritage Family Trees
- Newspaper Name Index, USA and Canada
- Geni World Family Tree
- BillionGraves
- New Jersey Death Index, 1920-1929, 1949-2017
- Famous People Throughout History
- Newspaper and Funeral Home Obituaries
- England & Wales, Death Index, 1837-2005
- Arlington National Cemetery
- Commonwealth War Graves, 1914-1921, 1939-1947
- New York State Death Index, 1880-1956
- Scotland, Gravestones and Memorials
- FamilySearch Family Tree
- Filae Family Trees
- 1891 England & Wales Census
MyHeritage Family Trees
Kathleen Mary HUGHES (born WHETTELL), 1904 - 2000 Kathleen Mary HUGHES (born WHETTELL) 1904 2000
Kathleen Mary HUGHES (born WHETTELL) was born on 1904, in , to Thomas WHETTELL and Ann WHETTELL (born GOUGH).
Kathleen was baptized on 1904, in .
Kathleen had 12 siblings: Lily Contance Amelia WEIGHTMAN (born WHETTELL), Thomas Gough WHETTELL and .
Kathleen married Allan John Naughton HUGHES on 1933, at age 29 in .
Allan was born on 1910, in .
They had 5 children: Clive Elmore Naughton HUGHES and 4 other children.
Kathleen lived in .
She lived in 1911, in .
She lived in 2 more places.
Her occupations were and .
Kathleen passed away on 2000, at age 95 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Mary HUGHES (born WHETTELL)
Kathleen Mary Hughes
1904 2000 Kathleen Mary Hughes in England & Wales Deaths, GRO Indexes, 1969 - 2007
Kathleen Agnes Lacey (born Hughes), 1884 - 1945 Kathleen Agnes Lacey (born Hughes) 1884 1945
Kathleen Agnes Lacey (born Hughes) was born on 1884, in , to Dr. Samuel Henry Hughes and Josephine Agnes Hughes (born Taylor).
Kathleen had 6 siblings: Samuel Henry Hughes, Josephine Ellen Gall (born Hughes) and .
Kathleen married Patrick Joseph Lacey on 1907, at age 23 in .
Patrick was born on 1882, in .
They had 9 children: Patricia Laura Lennon (born Lacey), Olga Lacey and .
Kathleen lived on , in .
She lived on , in .
She lived on , in .
Kathleen passed away on 1945, at age 61 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Agnes Lacey (born Hughes)
Kathleen Agnes Lacey (born Hughes) in South Coast Times and Wollongong Argus (Nsw) - Oct 5 1945
Australian Newspapers
"... Victor, Gordon and John. On Mon day afternoon the remains were in terred in Bulli Catholic cemetery. Mrs. DAISY LACEY. At her home, 13 Kembla street, Wollongong, last' Sunday the death took place of Mrs Kathleen Agnes (Daisy) Lacey, wife of Mr. Fatrick Joseph Lacey and mother of Phyllis, John, Dutchy, Clara (Mrs. W. Mc Cormack), Darcy, Doody (W.A.A;F.), Patricia and Valerie. On Monday the funeral ..."
Publication place: South Coast, New South Wales, Australia
Kathleen Agnes (Daisy) Lacey
1945 Kathleen Agnes (Daisy) Lacey in Australia Death Notices, 1860-2019
Kathleen Agnes (Daisy) Lacey
passed away on September 30 1945.
Kathleen Mary Josephine Lemass (born Hughes), 1898 - 1985 Kathleen Mary Josephine Lemass (born Hughes) 1898 1985
Kathleen Mary Josephine Lemass (born Hughes) was born on 1898, in .
Kathleen had one sister: Gertrude Hughes.
Kathleen married John Seán Francis Lemass.
John was born on 1899, in .
They had 4 children: Maureen Haughey (born Lemass) and .
Kathleen passed away on 1985, at age 86 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Mary Josephine Lemass (born Hughes)
Kathleen Lemass
1899 1985 Kathleen Lemass in Republic of Ireland, Index of Burials, 1900-2019
Kathleen Lemass
was born circa 1899.
Kathleen
passed away on March 14 1985, at age 86.
She was buried in Deansgrange Burial Ground, Blackrock, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
Kathleen Lemass
1898 1985 Kathleen Lemass in Famous People Throughout History
Kathleen Lemass
was born on September 18 1898, in Ranelagh, Ireland.
Kathleen
passed away on March 14 1985, at age 86 in Churchtown, Ireland.
Mary Kathleen Hughes
1899 1985 Mary Kathleen Hughes in Australia Death Notices, 1860-2019
Mary Kathleen Hughes
was born circa 1899.
Mary
passed away on January 23 1985, at age 86.
Kathleen Ruth Hughes (born Ellis), born 1917 Kathleen Ruth Hughes (born Ellis) 1917
Kathleen Ruth Hughes (born Ellis) was born on 1917, in , to Unknown and Lizette Ford Padden (born Ellis).
Kathleen had one brother: Atherwyn James Padden.
Kathleen married William Kenneth Marsh Hughes on , in .
William was born on 1916, in .
They had 3 children.
Kathleen lived on 1939, in .
Her occupation was a .
Kathleen passed away of in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Ruth Hughes (born Ellis)
Kathleen Ruth Hughes
1917 2001 Kathleen Ruth Hughes in England & Wales Deaths, GRO Indexes, 1969 - 2007
Kathleen Margaret (Kate) Gibson (born Hughes), 1936 - 1996 Kathleen Margaret (Kate) Gibson (born Hughes) 1936 1996
Kathleen Margaret (Kate) Gibson (born Hughes) was born on 1936, in , to James Estcourt Hughes and Elspeth Jamieson Estcourt Hughes (born Black).
Kathleen had 4 siblings.
Kathleen married William Spencer(Bill) Gibson on 1960, at age 24 in .
William was born on 1929, in .
They had 4 children.
Her occupations were and .
Kathleen passed away of on 1996, at age 60 in .
She was buried in .
Kathleen Marie (Kay) Risen (born Hughes), 1935 - 2021 Kathleen Marie (Kay) Risen (born Hughes) 1935 2021
Kathleen Marie (Kay) Risen (born Hughes) was born on 1935, in , to Elwood Wesley (Jack) Hughes and Evelyn Vernice Hughes (born Scheurer).
Kathleen had 7 siblings: Karen Louise Smith/Parrish (born hughes) and 6 other siblings.
Kathleen married Darrell James Risen on 1954, at age 19 in .
Darrell was born on 1931, in .
They had 9 children: Gregory Thomas Risen and 8 other children.
Kathleen lived in .
She lived in 1940, in , Wisconsin.
She lived on 1950, in , Oregon.
Kathleen passed away on 2021, at age 86 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Marie (Kay) Risen (born Hughes)
Kay Hughes
1935
Wisconsin
Kay Hughes in 1950 United States Federal Census
Kay Hughes
was born circa 1935, in
birth place
, Wisconsin, to
Elwood W Hughes
and
Evelyn V Hughes
.
Kathleen Hughes
1936
Wisconsin
Kathleen Hughes in 1940 United States Federal Census
Kathleen Hughes
was born circa 1936, in
birth place
, Wisconsin, to
Elwood Hughes
and
Evelyn Hughes
.
Kathleen Loyola Bruehert (born Hughes), 1929 - 2015 Kathleen Loyola Bruehert (born Hughes) 1929 2015 New York New York
Kathleen Loyola Bruehert (born Hughes) was born on 1929, in , New York, to John J Hughes and Catherine (Kate) Hughes (born Cowhig).
Kathleen had 10 siblings: Angela T Thiele (born Hughes), George P Hughes and .
Kathleen married Edward George Bruehert on 1955, at age 26 in , New York.
Edward was born on 1931, in , New York.
They had 4 children: Richard George Bruehert and 3 other children.
Kathleen lived in 1930, in , New York.
She lived in 1935, in , New York.
She lived in 3 more places.
Kathleen passed away on 2015, at age 86 in , New York.
She was buried in , New York.
Documents of Kathleen Loyola Bruehert (born Hughes)
Katheleen Hughes
1930
New York
Katheleen Hughes in 1940 United States Federal Census
Katheleen Hughes
was born circa 1930, in
birth place
, New York, to
John Hughes
and
Catherine Hughes
.
Kathleen Quinn (born Hughes), 1905 - 1989 Kathleen Quinn (born Hughes) 1905 1989
Kathleen Quinn (born Hughes) was born on 1905, in , to Micheal Denis Hughes and Catherine Hughes (born Harvey).
Kathleen had 7 siblings: John James Hughes, Owen Hughes and .
Kathleen married John Quinn in .
John was born in .
They had 10 children: Eugene Quinn and 9 other children.
Kathleen lived on 1911, in .
Kathleen passed away on 1989, at age 83 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Quinn (born Hughes)
Kathleen Quinn
1903 1989 Kathleen Quinn in Australia Death Notices, 1860-2019
Kathleen Quinn
was born circa 1903.
Kathleen
passed away on March 9 1989, at age 86.
Catherine Hughes
1906 Catherine Hughes in 1911 Ireland Census
Catherine Hughes
was born circa 1906, in County Armagh, Ireland, to
Michael Hughes
and
Catherine Hughes
.
Catherine
had 4 brothers:
Patrick Hughes
,
John James Hughes
,
Michael B Hughes
and
Owen Hughes
.
Catherine
lived on April 2 1911, in Ballynarea, Lisleitrim, Armagh, Ireland.
Kathleen (Catherine) McClelland (born Hughes), 1925 - 1998 Kathleen (Catherine) McClelland (born Hughes) 1925 1998
Kathleen (Catherine) McClelland (born Hughes) was born on 1925, in .
Kathleen married William Frederick McClelland on 1946, at age 20 in .
William was born on 1920, in .
They had 2 sons: Ronald McClelland and .
Kathleen lived on 1901, in .
Kathleen passed away on 1998, at age 72 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen (Catherine) McClelland (born Hughes)
William McClelland
Catherine McClelland in U.S. City Directories
Kathleen Josephine McClelland
1925 1998 Kathleen Josephine McClelland in England & Wales, Death Index, 1837-2005
Kathleen Josephine McClelland
1925 1998 Kathleen Josephine McClelland in England & Wales Deaths, GRO Indexes, 1969 - 2007
Kathleen Louisa Frost (born Hughes), 1924 - 2012 Kathleen Louisa Frost (born Hughes) 1924 2012
Kathleen Louisa Frost (born Hughes) was born on 1924, in , to Peter Hughes.
Kathleen had 9 siblings: Mary Bridget - Molly Murray (born Hughes), Patrick John - Jackie Hughes and .
Kathleen married Frederick Frost.
Frederick was born on 1927, in .
They had one daughter: Sarah (Sally) Frost.
Kathleen lived in 1957, in .
She lived in 1963, in .
Kathleen passed away on 2012, at age 87 in .
Documents of Kathleen Louisa Frost (born Hughes)
Kathleen Louisa Frost
1924 2012 Kathleen Louisa Frost in BillionGraves
Kathleen Louisa Frost
was born in 1924.
Kathleen
married
Frederick Waldone Frost
.
Kathleen
passed away in 2012, at age 88.
She was buried in Avonhead Park Cemetery, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand.
Kathleen Louisa Frost
1924 2012 Kathleen Louisa Frost in New Zealand, Canterbury, Christchurch Burials
Kathleen Grace (Kaye) Hughes
1923 2012 Kathleen Grace (Kaye) Hughes in Australia Death Notices, 1860-2019
Kathleen Grace (Kaye) Hughes
was born circa 1923.
Kathleen
passed away circa 2012, at age 89.
Kathleen Constance Van Gemert (born Hughes), 1915 - 1988 Kathleen Constance Van Gemert (born Hughes) 1915 1988
Kathleen Constance Van Gemert (born Hughes) was born on 1915, in , to Leoni Angelo Tornaghi and Gladys Muriel Tornaghi (born Hughes).
Kathleen was baptized on 1915, in .
Kathleen had 13 siblings: Leoni Edward 'Hughes' Tornaghi, Muriel Gwendoline Rosetta Shoemark (born Tornaghi) and .
Kathleen married Jacubus Christoffel 'Frank' Van Gemert on 1939, at age 24 in .
Jacubus was born on 1913, in .
Kathleen passed away on 1988, at age 73 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Constance Van Gemert (born Hughes)
Kathleen C van Gemert
1915 1988 Kathleen C van Gemert in BillionGraves
Kathleen C van Gemert
was born circa 1915.
Kathleen
married
Frank van Gemert
.
Kathleen
passed away on November 2 1988, at age 73.
She was buried in Rookwood Necropolis, Rookwood, New South Wales, Australia.
Kathleen C Tornaghi
1915 Kathleen C Tornaghi in Australia, New South Wales Birth Index, 1787-1916
Kathleen C Tornaghi
was born in 1915, to
Leoni A Tornaghi
and
Gladys M Tornaghi
.
Kathleen Constance van Gemert
1915 1988 Kathleen Constance van Gemert in Australia Death Notices, 1860-2019
Kathleen Constance van Gemert
was born circa 1915.
Kathleen
passed away on November 2 1988, at age 73.
Kathleen Tatum (born Hughes), 1911 - 1997 Kathleen Tatum (born Hughes) 1911 1997 Kentucky
Kathleen Tatum (born Hughes) was born on 1911, in , Kentucky, to Phillip Edward (PE) Hughes and Carrie Agnes (1st wife) Hughes (born Blair).
Kathleen had one brother: Robert Napoleon Hughes.
Kathleen married Virgil Ray Tatum.
Virgil was born on 1912, in , Kentucky.
They had one child.
Kathleen lived in 1935, in , Kentucky.
She lived in 1940, in , Kentucky.
Kathleen passed away on 1997, at age 85.
She was buried in , Kentucky.
Documents of Kathleen Tatum (born Hughes)
Kathleen H Tatum
1911 1997 Kathleen H Tatum in U.S. Social Security Death Index (SSDI)
Kathleen H Tatum
was born on November 19 1911.
Kathleen
lived in Lebanon, Kentucky 40033, USA.
Kathleen
passed away on April 8 1997, at age 85.
Kathleen Mary BREED (born HUGHES), 1920 - 1998 Kathleen Mary BREED (born HUGHES) 1920 1998
Kathleen Mary BREED (born HUGHES) was born on 1920, in , to Robert Jackson HUGHES and Mary Alicia HUGHES (born KELLY).
Kathleen had 4 brothers: Ronald Joseph HUGHES and .
Kathleen married Maurice BREED.
Maurice was born on 1917, in .
They had 3 children.
Kathleen passed away on 1998, at age 77 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Mary BREED (born HUGHES)
Kathleen Joan Hughes (born Mitchell), 1921 - 2014 Kathleen Joan Hughes (born Mitchell) 1921 2014
Kathleen Joan Hughes (born Mitchell) was born on 1921, in , to Donovan Frederick Mitchell and Irene Killey Mitchell (born Ramage).
Kathleen had 3 siblings: Bruce Mitchell and .
Kathleen married Ronald Laurence Hughes on 1947, at age 25 in .
Ronald was born on 1920, in .
They had one son: Allan Hughes.
Kathleen passed away on 2014, at age 92 in .
She was buried in .
Documents of Kathleen Joan Hughes (born Mitchell)
Kathleen Joan (Joan) Hughes
1922 2014 Kathleen Joan (Joan) Hughes in Australia Death Notices, 1860-2019
Kathleen Joan (Joan) Hughes
was born circa 1922.
Kathleen
passed away on April 30 2014, at age 92.
Kathleen May "Kitt" Tooth (born Hughes), 1905 - 1986 Kathleen May Tooth (born Hughes) 1905 1986
Kathleen May Tooth (born Hughes) was born on 1905, in , to James Corwen Hughes and Charlotte Hughes (born Simcock).
Kathleen married Percy Edward Tooth in 1927, at age 21 in .
Percy was born on 1901, in .
They had 2 children: Kathleen Mary Roberts (born Tooth) and .
Kathleen passed away on 1986, at age 81 in .
Documents of Kathleen May "Kitt" Tooth (born Hughes)
Newspaper Name Index, USA and Canada
Kathleen HughesKathleen Hughes in Muswellbrook Chronicle (NSW) - Aug 11 1933
Newspaper Name Index, USA and Canada
"... 8 a.m. and 7.30 p.in.; Widden, 11 a.m.; Mt. Dangar, 3 p.m. -Rev. W. HOLMES, Recto*. SUCCESS WITH FIRST TICKET. "Brother anil Sister" syndicate brought luck to George and Kathleen Hughes, of Hill-street, when they suc ceeded at their first attempt in win ning a small prize in tlic 145 th. lottery drawn on Tuesday last. Keep it up! TENNIS. DISTRICT ..."
Publication place: Muswellbrook, New South Wales, Australia
Kathleen HughesKathleen Hughes in Record-Journal - June 8 2003
Newspaper Name Index, USA and Canada
"... freshman year at Middlesex Community College in Middletown this fall. He is a member of thc class of 2003 al Maloney High School. John Hughes, son of Fran and Kathleen Hughes of Wallingford, will his senior year at Southern Connecticut State University where he is majoring in mathematics. Hughes is a 2000 graduate of Lyman Hall High School in Wallingford. Shannon ..."
Publication place: Meriden, New Haven County, Connecticut, United States
Geni World Family Tree
Kathleen Barry 1941 2003Illinois
Kathleen Barry (born Hughes), 1941 - 2003
Kathleen Barry (born Hughes) was born on month day 1941, in birth place, Illinois, to Robert, Daniel Hughes and Mary (Mae), A. Hughes (born Mansell).
Kathleen married Edward Barry.
They had 5 children.
Kathleen Figg 1901 1992
Kathleen Eleanor Figg (born Hughes), 1901 - 1992
Kathleen, Eleanor Figg (born Hughes) was born on month day 1901, in birth place, to John, George Hughes and Eleanor, Raggett Hughes (born Hazlewood).
Kathleen had one sister: Sophia Ruth Collins (born Hughes).
Kathleen married Henry, James Figg.
They had one daughter: Kathleen Hazel Watts (born Figg).
Sarah Lawlor 1898 1975New YorkNew York
Sarah Kathleen Lawlor (born Hughes), 1898 - 1975
Sarah, Kathleen Lawlor (born Hughes) was born on month day 1898, in birth place, New York, to James Hughes and Anna Hughes (born McCanney).
Sarah married Richard, Francis Lawlor.
Mabel Hughes 1922 1982VirginiaVirginia
Mabel Kathleen Hughes (born Webb), 1922 - 1982
Mabel, Kathleen Hughes (born Webb) was born on month day 1922, in birth place, Virginia, to Clarence, Byron Webb and Bertha, Neohma Webb (born All).
Mabel had 5 siblings: Juanita Alva Walker (born Webb) and 4 other siblings.
BillionGraves FREE
Kathleen Monica Hughes 1919 2005
Kathleen Monica Hughes (born Quirke), 1919 - 2005
Kathleen Monica Hughes (born Quirke) was born on June 17 1919, to Thomas Quirke and Susan Ellen Quirke.
Kathleen passed away on April 28 2005, at age 85.
She was buried in Mangatainoka Pahiatua Cemetery, Pahiatua, Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand.
Kathleen Hughes 1918 2011
Kathleen Hughes, 1918 - 2011
Kathleen Hughes was born on April 26 1918.
Kathleen married Herbert Trevor Hughes.
Kathleen passed away on October 26 2011, at age 93.
She was buried in Oystermouth Cemetery, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.
Kathleen Regan Hughes 1942 2015
Kathleen Regan Hughes, 1942 - 2015
Kathleen Regan Hughes was born on July 30 1942.
Kathleen married John Joseph Hughes.
Kathleen passed away on March 28 2015, at age 72.
She was buried in Calvary Cemetery, Omaha, Nebraska, United States.
Kathleen Joyce Mary Hughes 1911 2003
Kathleen Joyce Mary Hughes, 1911 - 2003
Kathleen Joyce Mary Hughes was born on May 20 1911.
Kathleen married William Gerald Hugh Hughes.
Kathleen passed away on May 29 2003, at age 92.
She was buried in Compton Pauncefoot (St.Mary The Virgin) Churchyard, Somerset, England, United Kingdom.
New Jersey Death Index, 1920-1929, 1949-2017
Famous People Throughout History FREE
Kathleen Hughes 1898 1995West Virginia
Kathleen Hughes, 1898 - 1995
Kathleen Hughes was born on August 3 1898, in West Virginia, United States.
Kathleen passed away on January 15 1995, at age 96 in El Paso, United States.
Kathleen Hughes 1926 1977
Kathleen Hughes, 1926 - 1977
Kathleen Hughes was born on September 8 1926, in Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.
Kathleen passed away on April 20 1977, at age 50.
Kathleen Hughes 1928
Kathleen Hughes, born 1928
Kathleen Hughes was born on November 14 1928, in Hollywood, United States.
Newspaper and Funeral Home Obituaries
England & Wales, Death Index, 1837-2005
Commonwealth War Graves, 1914-1921, 1939-1947
Kathleen Louise Hughes 1906 1941
Kathleen Louise Hughes, Circa 1906 - 1941
Kathleen Louise Hughes was born circa 1906.
Kathleen married Stanleyl Hughes.
Lionel Hughes 1889 1915
Kathleen Hughes, Circa 1889 - 1915
Lionel Hughes was born circa 1889, to W. H. Hughes and Kathleen Hughes.
John Cledwyn Hughes 1920 1941
Kathleen Hughes, Circa 1920 - 1941
John Cledwyn Hughes was born circa 1920, to Hugh Alfred and Kathleen Hughes.
John Hughes 1893 1919
Kathleen Hughes, Circa 1893 - 1919
John Hughes was born circa 1893.
John married Kathleen Hughes.
New York State Death Index, 1880-1956
Kathleen Hughes 1912 1948New York
Kathleen Hughes, Circa 1912 - 1948
Kathleen Hughes was born circa 1912.
Scotland, Gravestones and Memorials
Kathleen Baird 1948 2000
Kathleen Baird (Hughes), Circa 1948 - 2000
Kathleen Baird was born circa 1948.
Kathleen passed away in 2000, at age 52.
FamilySearch Family Tree
Blanche Kathleen Herrmann 1927 1964OhioOhio
Blanche Kathleen Herrmann (born Hughes), 1927 - 1964
Blanche Kathleen Herrmann (born Hughes) was born on month day 1927, in birth place, Ohio, to James Alpheus Hughes and Ada Ellen Hughes (born Donley).
Blanche had 10 siblings: Grace Arietta Adamson (born Hughes), Gayrene Sexton (born Hughes) and 8 other siblings.
Pearlie Kathleen Hughes 1925 2020North CarolinaNorth Carolina
Pearlie Kathleen Hughes (born Scarlet), 1925 - 2020
Pearlie Kathleen Hughes (born Scarlet) was born on month day 1925, in birth place, North Carolina, to Lola Carson Scarlett and Ila Carline Scarlett (born Crouse).
She lived in 2 more places.
Kathleen V. Belcher 1922 1976VirginiaVirginia
Kathleen V. Belcher, 1922 - 1976
Kathleen V. Belcher was born on month day 1922, in birth place, Virginia, to Gary Robert Belcher and Grace Mae Belcher (born Neal).
Kathleen married Joseph Maurice Rosenfield.
Joseph was born in 1918.
Kathleen then married George Russell Hughes.
She lived in 2 more places.
Kathleen Cawthorne Ross 1864 1936AlabamaAlabama
Kathleen Cawthorne Ross (born Hughes), 1864 - 1936
Kathleen Cawthorne Ross (born Hughes) was born on month day 1864, in birth place, Alabama, to Theodore Jones Hughes and Clara Tighman Hughes (born Stevenson).
Kathleen had 11 siblings: Eliza Mclin Forbes (born Hughes), Susan Taylor Hughes and 9 other siblings.
Filae Family Trees
Kathleen HUGHES 1919 1984
Kathleen HUGHES, 1919 - 1984
Kathleen married Robert VALLAS.
They had one child.
Kathleen Bell HUGHES 1912 1999
Kathleen Bell HUGHES, 1912 - 1999
Kathleen Bell HUGHES was born in 1912, in birth place, to Edward Pack HUGHES and Agnes Rebecca STEVENS.
Kathleen married Unknown.