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Alexander Carmichael
Historical records and family trees related to Alexander Carmichael.
Records may include photos, original documents, family history, relatives, specific dates, locations and full names.
- MyHeritage Family Trees
- Newspaper Name Index, USA and Canada
- Geni World Family Tree
- BillionGraves
- Rhode Island Historical Cemeteries
- Famous People Throughout History
- Commonwealth War Graves, 1914-1921, 1939-1947
- Australia, Roll of Honour
- England & Wales, Death Index, 1837-2005
- Canadian Headstones
- Australia, Tasmania Deaths
- Scotland, Gravestones and Memorials
- FamilySearch Family Tree
- 1911 England & Wales Census
- 1891 England & Wales Census
MyHeritage Family Trees
Alexander D. "Sandy" Carmichael, 1791 - 1865 Alexander D. Carmichael 1791 1865 Virginia Indiana
Alexander D. Carmichael was born on 1791, in , Virginia, to Archibald Carmichael and Elizabeth Carmichael (born Nix).
Alexander had 10 siblings: Elizabeth Fulk (born Carmichael), Sterling Carmichael and .
Alexander married Anna Maria Carmichael (born Holder).
Anna was born on 1794, in , North Carolina.
They had 9 children: Solomon Ensley Carmichael, Charles A. Carmichael and .
Alexander then married Jane Carmichael (born Evans) on 1839, at age 47 in , Indiana.
Jane was born in 1800, in , North Carolina.
They had 3 children: Joseph Jasper Carmichael and .
Alexander lived in 1850, in , Indiana.
Alexander passed away on 1865, at age 73 in , Indiana.
He was buried in , Indiana.
Documents of Alexander D. "Sandy" Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael
1792 Alexander Carmichael in 1841 England & Wales Census
Alexander
married
Mary Carmichael
.
Alexander Carmichael
1792
Virginia
Alexander Carmichael in 1850 United States Federal Census
Alexander
married
Jane Carmichael
.
Alex Carmichael
1792
Virginia
Alex Carmichael in 1860 United States Federal Census
Alex
married
Jane Carmichael
.
They had one daughter:
Ruth Ann Carmichael
.
Alexander Carmichael
1791 Alexander Carmichael in 1851 Scotland Census
Alexander
married
Mary Carmichael
.
Alexander Porteous Carmichael, 1832 - 1895 Alexander Porteous Carmichael 1832 1895
Alexander Porteous Carmichael was born on 1832, in , to James Carmichael and Margaret Carmichael (born Shaw).
Alexander was baptized in .
Alexander had 14 siblings: James Halliday Carmichael, Andrew Halliday Carmichael and .
Alexander married Janet Carmichael (born Henderson) on 1854, at age 22 in .
Janet was born on 1833, in .
They had 8 children: David Henderson Carmichael, James Carmichael and .
Alexander then married Marion Gentle Carmichael (born Goodlet) on 1877, at age 45 in .
Marion was born on 1841, in .
They had 4 children: Alexander Porteous Carmichael and .
Alexander lived in 1832, in .
He lived on 1851, in .
He lived in 5 more places.
His occupation was a .
Alexander passed away of on 1895, at age 63 in .
Documents of Alexander Porteous Carmichael
Janet Henderson
Alexander Carmichael in Scotland, Marriages, 1561-1910
Janet Henderson
was born to
David Henderson
.
Alexander Porteous Carmichael
1832 Alexander Porteous Carmichael in Scotland, Births and Baptisms, 1564-1950
Alexander Porteous Carmichael
was born on
month
day
1832, in
birth place
, to
James Carmichael
and
Margaret Shaw
.
Alexander Carmichael, 1849 - 1929 Alexander Carmichael 1849 1929
Alexander Carmichael was born on 1849, in , to David Carmichael and Margaret Carmichael (born Pearson).
Alexander was baptized on 1849, in .
Alexander had 6 siblings: David Carmichael, Margaret Carmichael and .
Alexander married Jane Pierpont-Carmichael (born Taylor).
Jane was born in 1854, in .
They had 10 children: Martha Mary Matilda/Mary Jane Bogan/Alding (born Pierpoint/Carmichael), Unknown Carmichael and .
Alexander then married Elizabeth Carmichael (born Bawdens) in 1899, at age 49 in .
Alexander then married Elizabeth Ann Carmichael (born Bennett) in 1904, at age 54 in .
Elizabeth was born in 1845.
Alexander lived in .
He lived on 1851, in .
Alexander passed away on 1929, at age 79 in .
He was buried in .
Documents of Alexander Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael
1849 Alexander Carmichael in New Zealand, Index of Burials, 1840-2008
Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1849.
Alexander Carmichael
1849 1929 Alexander Carmichael in New Zealand, Death Index, 1840-2021
Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1849.
Alexander Carmichael
1850 Alexander Carmichael in 1851 Scotland Census
Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1850, in
birth place
, to
David Carmichael
and
Margaret Carmichael
.
Alexander D. Carmichael, 1825 - 1903 Alexander D. Carmichael 1825 1903 North Carolina Indiana
Alexander D. Carmichael was born on 1825, in , North Carolina, to Richard Carmichael, #4 and Mary Polly Carmichael (born Graves).
Alexander had 13 siblings: James William Carmichael, Elizabeth Ann Sare / East / Oliphant (born Carmichael) and .
Alexander married Sarah Dillard Carmichael (born Finley) circa 1847, at age 21 in .
Sarah was born on 1826, in , Indiana.
They had 9 children: Mary Frances Bruner (born Carmichael), Mariah Bianca Carmichael and .
Alexander then married Jane Carmichael (born Ricord) circa 1847, at age 21 in , Indiana.
Jane was born in 1825, in , Indiana.
They had one daughter: Belinda Jane Clay (born Carmichael).
Alexander lived in 1850, in , Indiana.
He lived on 1863, in , Indiana.
He lived on 1870, in , Indiana.
Alexander passed away on 1903, at age 77 in , Indiana.
He was buried in , Indiana.
Documents of Alexander D. Carmichael
Alexander D Carmichal
1826
North Carolina
Alexander D Carmichal in 1870 United States Federal Census
Alexander
married
Sarah Carmichal
.
Alexander Carmichael
1825
North Carolina
Alexander Carmichael in 1850 United States Federal Census
Alexander
married
Jane Carmichael
.
They had one daughter:
Belinda Carmichael
.
Alexander D Carmichael
1825
North Carolina
Alexander D Carmichael in 1900 United States Federal Census
Alexander
married
Sarah D Carmichael
circa 1847, at age 21.
They had one son:
William Carmichael
.
Richard A Carmichael
1827
North Carolina
Richard A Carmichael in 1850 United States Federal Census
Richard
married
Sarah Carmichael
.
Alexander Carmichael, 1877 - 1913 Alexander Carmichael 1877 1913
Alexander Carmichael was born on 1877, in , to Archibald J Carmichael and Charlotte Carmichael (born Cameron).
Alexander had 7 siblings: Daniel Carmichael, Jessie Torrance (born Carmichael) and .
Alexander married Davidinah Carmichael (born Skinner) on , in .
Davidinah was born on 1875, in .
They had 2 sons: Daniel Alexander Carmichael and .
Alexander lived in 1881, in .
He lived on 1901, in .
Alexander passed away on 1913, at age 36 in .
He was buried in .
Documents of Alexander Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael
1878 Alexander Carmichael in 1901 Scotland Census
Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1878, in
birth place
, to
Archibald Carmichael
and
Charlotte Carmichael
.
Alexander George Or George Alexander Carmichael, 1874 - 1945 Alexander George Or George Alexander Carmichael 1874 1945
Alexander George Or George Alexander Carmichael was born on 1874, in .
Alexander married Emma Jane Carmichael (born Wiffen) on 1902, at age 28 in .
Emma was born on 1875, in .
They had 10 children: Margaret Emma Stewart (born Carmichael), Harold George Carmichael and .
Alexander passed away on 1945, at age 70 in .
He was buried in .
Documents of Alexander George Or George Alexander Carmichael
Alexander George Carmichael
1875 Alexander George Carmichael in New Zealand, Index of Burials, 1840-2008
Alexander George Carmichael
was born circa 1875.
George Carmichael
1875 1945 George Carmichael in BillionGraves
George Carmichael
was born circa 1875.
George
passed away on September 22 1945, at age 70.
He was buried in Mangatera Dannevirke Cemetery, Dannevirke, Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand.
George Alexander Carmichael
1875 1945 George Alexander Carmichael in New Zealand, Death Index, 1840-2021
George Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1875.
Alexander Carmicheal
1874 Alexander Carmicheal in 1881 Scotland Census
Alexander Carmicheal
was born circa 1874, in
birth place
, to
Alexander Carmicheal
and
Jane Carmicheal
.
Alexander Carmichael, 1780 - 1860 Alexander Carmichael 1780 1860
Alexander Carmichael was born on 1780, in , to Peter Carmichael and Janet Carmichael (born Lamb).
Alexander had 4 siblings: John Carmichael and .
Alexander married Ann Carmichael (born Russell).
Ann was born in 1782, in .
They had 4 children.
His occupation was a .
Alexander passed away on 1860, at age 80 in .
He was buried in .
Documents of Alexander Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael
1781 Alexander Carmichael in 1851 Scotland Census
Alexander
married
Anne Carmichael
.
They had one son:
William Carmichael
.
Alexander Stewart Carmichael, 1924 - 2000 Alexander Stewart Carmichael 1924 2000
Alexander Stewart Carmichael was born on 1924, in , to James Stewart Carmichael and Isabella Lambert Carmichael (born Mitchell).
Alexander had 3 siblings.
Alexander married Laura Elizabeth Carmichael (born Pigdon) on 1947, at age 23.
Laura was born on 1929, in .
They had 2 children.
Alexander passed away on 2000, at age 75 in .
Documents of Alexander Stewart Carmichael
Alexander Stewart (Alex) Carmichael
1925 2001 Alexander Stewart (Alex) Carmichael in Australia Death Notices, 1860-2019
Alexander Stewart (Alex) Carmichael
was born circa 1925.
Alexander
passed away on April 3 2001, at age 76.
Alexander Carmichael, 1909 - 1989 Alexander Carmichael 1909 1989
Alexander Carmichael was born on 1909, in .
Alexander married Ruth Erva Carmichael (born Russell) on 1950, at age 40 in .
Ruth was born on 1915, in , Idaho.
They had one child.
Alexander passed away on 1989, at age 80 in .
He was buried in .
Documents of Alexander Carmichael
Alex Carmichael
1909 1989 Alex Carmichael in BillionGraves
Alex Carmichael
was born in 1909.
Alex
passed away in 1989, at age 80.
He was buried in Flesherton Cemetery, Grey Highlands, Ontario, Canada.
Alex Carmichael
1909 1989 Alex Carmichael in Canada, Burials, 1800-2019
Alex Carmichael
was born in 1909.
Alex
passed away in 1989, at age 80.
He was buried in Flesherton Cemetery Commission, Grey County, Ontario, Canada.
Alexander Carmichael, 1894 - 1945 Alexander Carmichael 1894 1945
Alexander Carmichael was born in 1894, in , to Alexander Carmichael and Mary Jane Carmichael (born McGrory).
Alexander married Mary Carmichael (born Greer).
Mary was born in 1888, in .
They had 5 children: Mary Barbour (born Carmichael), Margaret Yes (born Carmichael) and .
Alexander passed away of on 1945, at age 51 in .
Documents of Alexander Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael
1894 Alexander Carmichael in 1901 Scotland Census
Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1894, in
birth place
, to
Alexander Carmichael
and
Mary J Carmichael
.
William Alexander Carmichael
William Alexander Carmichael in England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975
William Alexander Carmichael
was born to
William Alexander Carmichael
and
Mary Jane
.
Alexander Carmichael, 1886 - 1945 Alexander Carmichael 1886 1945
Alexander Carmichael was born in 1886, in .
Alexander married Mary Carmichael (born Greer).
Mary was born on , in .
They had one daughter: Mary Barbour (born Carmichael).
Alexander passed away of on 1945, at age 59 in .
Documents of Alexander Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael
1887 1945 Alexander Carmichael in England & Wales, Death Index, 1837-2005
Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1887.
Alexander Carmichael, 1925 - 2013 Alexander Carmichael 1925 2013
Alexander Carmichael was born on 1925, in , to John Carmichael and Catherine Carmichael (born MacDougall).
Alexander had 4 siblings: Nan Carmichael and .
Alexander married Helen Duffy Carmichael (born McAvoy).
Helen was born on 1928, in .
Alexander passed away on 2013, at age 88.
He was buried in .
Alexander Carmichael, 1861 - 1917 Alexander Carmichael 1861 1917 Alabama Alabama
Alexander Carmichael was born in 1861, in , Alabama, to Daniel Carmichael and Martha Ann Charlote Edwards (born Coleman).
Alexander had 9 siblings: Jesse Malcolm Carmichael, Margaret Annie Williams (born Carmichael) and .
Alexander married Sara Fannie Carmichael (born Pippin).
Sara was born on 1865, in , Alabama.
They had one daughter: Mary Lee Braswell (born Carmichael).
Alexander passed away on 1917, at age 56 in , Alabama.
He was buried in , Alabama.
Alexander D Carmichael, 1863 - 1954 Alexander D Carmichael 1863 1954 New York New York
Alexander D Carmichael was born on 1863, in , New York, to John J Carmichael and Susan Carmichael (born Hoffman).
Alexander had 4 brothers: Spencer Peter Carmichael and .
Alexander married Nellie D Carmichael (born Robertson).
Nellie was born circa 1878, in , New York.
They had 2 children: Ruth C Johnson (born Carmichael) and one other child.
Alexander lived in , New York.
He lived in 1870, in , New York.
He lived in 8 more places.
Alexander passed away on 1954, at age 91 in , New York.
He was buried in .
Documents of Alexander D Carmichael
Alex D Carmichael
1863 1954
New York
Alex D Carmichael in New York State Death Index, 1880-1956
Alex D Carmichael
was born circa 1863.
Alexander Carmichael
1864
New York
Alexander Carmichael in 1870 United States Federal Census
Alexander Carmichael
was born circa 1864, in
birth place
, New York, to
John Carmichael
and
Susan Carmichael
.
Alexander D Carmichael
1863
New York
Alexander D Carmichael in 1900 United States Federal Census
Alexander D Carmichael
was born in
month
1863, in
birth place
, New York, to
John J Carmichael
and
Susan Carmichael
.
Alec D Carmichael
1864
New York
Alec D Carmichael in 1920 United States Federal Census
Alec
married
Nellie D Carmichael
.
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1602 - 1657 Alexander Carmichael 1602 1657
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1602, in .
Alexander married Jeanne Carmichael (born Logan).
Jeanne was born on 1606, in .
They had one son: Alexander Carmichael.
Alexander passed away on 1657, at age 55.
Newspaper Name Index, USA and Canada
Alexander CarmichaelAlexander Carmichael in The Boston Traveler - Feb 13 1896
Newspaper Name Index, USA and Canada
"... week's Notes,” will not appear until April. The Clarendon Press are about to issue a collection of the traditional hymns of the ancient Gaelic Church in Scotland, hy Mr. Alexander Carmichael of Edinburgh. Mr. Carmichael, who is in the Excise, is a very learned Celt, with the old customs of the Western Isles. Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain is beyond question man of the month” in ..."
Publication place: Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States
Geni World Family Tree
Alexander (Alex) Carmichael 1919 1975
Alexander (Alex) Meyer Carmichael, 1919 - 1975
Alexander married Gertruida (Gerty), Elizabeth Carmichael.
Alexander (Sandy) Carmichael 1791 1865Indiana
Alexander (Sandy) Carmichael, (1791-1865) #6, 1791 - 1865
Alexander (Sandy) Carmichael was born on month day 1791, in birth place, to Archibald Carmichael and Elizabeth Carmichael (born Nix).
Alexander married Jane, Petty Carmichael (born Petty).
Alexander then married Mary, Ann Carmichael (born Holder).
Edwin Carmichael 1874 1932
Edwin Alexander Carmichael, 1874 - 1932
Edwin, Alexander Carmichael was born on month day 1874, in birth place, to George, William Carmichael and Mary, Ann Carmichael (born Wetton).
Edwin had 10 siblings: Elizabeth Balbirnie Bradshaw (born Carmichael), George William Norman Carmichael and 8 other siblings.
They had 8 children: Edna May Ransley (born Carmichael), Muriel Eileen Carmichael and 6 other children.
Alexander Carmichael 1778 1860New JerseyNew York
Alexander Carmichael, 1778 - 1860
Alexander Carmichael was born on month day 1778, in birth place, New Jersey, to Ichabod Carmichael and Phebe Clark.
BillionGraves FREE
Alexander Carmichael 1801 1874
Alexander Carmichael, 1801 - 1874
Alexander Carmichael was born on January 4 1801.
Alexander married Isabell Carmichael.
Alexander passed away in July 1874, at age 73.
He was buried in Rosendale Cemetery, Rosendale Village, New York, United States.
Alexander Joseph Carmichael 1930 2001
Alexander Joseph Carmichael, 1930 - 2001
Alexander Joseph Carmichael was born on October 17 1930.
Alexander passed away on July 13 2001, at age 70.
He was buried in Gerringong Cemetery, Gerringong, New South Wales, Australia.
Alexander W Carmichael 1881 1963
Alexander W Carmichael, 1881 - 1963
Alexander W Carmichael was born on August 3 1881.
Alexander passed away on February 24 1963, at age 81.
He was buried in Prospect Cemetery, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Alexander C. Carmichael 1888 1905
Alexander C. Carmichael, 1888 - 1905
Alexander C. Carmichael was born on October 12 1888.
Alexander passed away on December 7 1905, at age 17.
He was buried in Methodist Cemetery, North East Margaree, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Rhode Island Historical Cemeteries
Famous People Throughout History FREE
Alexander Carmichael 1832 1912
Alexander Carmichael, 1832 - 1912
Alexander Carmichael was born on December 1 1832, in Lismore, United Kingdom.
Alexander passed away on June 6 1912, at age 79 in Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Alistair Carmichael 1965
Alistair Carmichael, born 1965
Alistair Carmichael was born on July 15 1965, in Islay, United Kingdom.
Commonwealth War Graves, 1914-1921, 1939-1947
Alexander Carmichael 1879 1917
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1879 - 1917
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1879, to James McLean Carmichael and Ellen Carmichael.
Alexander Carmichael 1896 1917
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1896 - 1917
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1896, to Richard Carmichael and Helen Carmichael.
Alexander Carmichael 1892 1916
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1892 - 1916
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1892, to George Carmichael.
Australia, Roll of Honour FREE
Alexander Carmichael 1879 1917
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1879 - 1917
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1879.
Alexander lived in Bailieston, Victoria, Australia.
Alexander passed away on April 20 1917, at age 38 in United Kingdom.
He was buried in Durrington Cemetery, Durrington, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom.
Alexander Carmichael 1915
Alexander Carmichael, died 1915
Alexander Carmichael lived in Kensington, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Alexander passed away on December 5 1915, in At sea (HS Aberdonia).
He was buried in Lone Pine Memorial, Gallipoli Peninsula, Canakkale Province, Turkey.
England & Wales, Death Index, 1837-2005
Canadian Headstones FREE
Alexander Carmichael 1835 1922
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1835 - 1922
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1835.
Alexander passed away on August 23 1922, at age 87.
He was buried in Newdale+ (Oldale), Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Canada.
Alexander Frederick Carmichael
Alexander Frederick Carmichael
Alexander Frederick Carmichael was buried in Aberdeen, Abbotsford, Southwestern – Vancouver Coast, British Columbia, Canada.
Alexander Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael
Alexander Carmichael was buried in Arnprior War Memorial+, Renfrew, Ontario, Canada.
Australia, Tasmania Deaths
Alexander Carmichael 1816 1883
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1816 - 1883
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1816.
Alexander passed away in 1883, at age 67.
Alexander Carmichael 1803 1883
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1803 - 1883
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1803.
Scotland, Gravestones and Memorials
Alexander Carmichael 1853 1929
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1853 - 1929
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1853.
Alexander passed away in 1929, at age 76.
Alexander Carmichael 1835 1901
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1835 - 1901
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1835.
Alexander passed away in 1901, at age 66.
Alexander Carmichael 1723 1791
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1723 - 1791
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1723.
Alexander passed away in 1791, at age 68.
Alexander Carmichael 1902 1963
Alexander Carmichael, Circa 1902 - 1963
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1902.
Alexander passed away in 1963, at age 61.
FamilySearch Family Tree
Samuel Alexander Edgar Carmichael 1861 1929
Samuel Alexander Edgar Carmichael, 1861 - 1929
Samuel Alexander Edgar Carmichael was born on month day 1861, in birth place, to Andrew Carmichael and Isabella Carmichael (born Edgar).
Samuel had 13 siblings: Christopher Johnstone I Carmichael, Mary Lawrence (born Carmichael) and 11 other siblings.
He lived in 3 more places.
Barzilla Alexander Carmichael 1829 1899North CarolinaKentucky
Barzilla Alexander Carmichael, 1829 - 1899
Barzilla Alexander Carmichael was born on month day 1829, in birth place, North Carolina, to Barazilla Graves Carmichael and Mary Polly Carmichael (born Westmoreland).
Barzilla had 13 siblings: Elizabeth T Moser (born Carmichael), Mabel S Hargrove (born Carmichael) and 11 other siblings.
Barzilla married Millicent Ann Carmichael (born Marshall) on month day 1850, at age 20 in marriage place, North Carolina.
He lived in 2 more places.
John Alexander Carmichael 1893 1976KentuckyKentucky
John Alexander Carmichael, 1893 - 1976
John Alexander Carmichael was born on month day 1893, in birth place, Kentucky, to George Washington Carmichael and Louisiana Carmichael (born Henry).
John had 9 siblings: Emily Jane Warner (born Carmichael), Margaret Anna Warner (born Carmichael) and 7 other siblings.
John married Anna Bell Carmichael (born Jackson).
John then married Zetta Mae Wells.
He lived in 4 more places.
Arthur A Carmichael 1858 1940TennesseeWashington
Arthur A Carmichael, 1858 - 1940
Arthur A Carmichael was born on month day 1858, in birth place, Tennessee, to Kendrick Carmichael and Elizabeth Carmichael (born Nelson).
Arthur married Jennie Effie Carmichael (born Prevo) on month day 1882, at age 24 in marriage place, Illinois.
They had one daughter: Frances Carmichael.
He lived in 2 more places.
1911 England & Wales Census
Alexander Carmichael 1847
Alexander Carmichael, born Circa 1847
Alexander had one sister: Mary McCallock.
Alexander married Mary Carmichael circa 1871, at age 24.
Alexander Carmichael 1871
Alexander Carmichael, born Circa 1871
Alexander married Louisa Carmichael circa 1897, at age 26.
Alexander Carmichael 1861
Alexander Carmichael, born Circa 1861
Alexander married Louisa Carmichael circa 1887, at age 26.
Alexander Carmichael 1879
Alexander Carmichael, born Circa 1879
Alexander married Mary Carmichael circa 1904, at age 25.
1891 England & Wales Census
Alexander Carmichael 1882
Alexander Carmichael, born Circa 1882
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1882, in birth place, to John A Carmichael and Elizabeth A Carmichael.
Alexander Carmichael 1886
Alexander Carmichael, born Circa 1886
Alexander Carmichael was born circa 1886, in birth place, to Peter Carmichael and Elizabeth Carmichael.